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# Indirect Corrections¶

## Overview¶

Provides correction routines for quasielastic, inelastic and diffraction reductions.

These interfaces do not support GroupWorkspace’s as input.

### Action Buttons¶

Settings

Opens the Settings GUI which allows you to customize the settings for the Indirect interfaces.

?

Opens this help page.

Py

Exports a Python script which will replicate the processing done by the current tab.

Manage Directories

Opens the Manage Directories dialog allowing you to change your search directories and default save directory and enable/disable data archive search.

## Container Subtraction¶

The Container Subtraction Tab is used to remove the container’s contribution to a run.

Once run the corrected output and container correction is shown in the preview plot. Note that when this plot shows the result of a calculation the X axis is always in wavelength, however when data is initially selected the X axis unit matches that of the sample workspace.

The input and container workspaces will be converted to wavelength (using ConvertUnits) if they do not already have wavelength as their X unit.

### Options¶

Sample

Either a reduced file (_red.nxs) or workspace (_red), an $$S(Q,\omega)$$ file (_sqw.nxs) or workspace (_sqw), or an ELF file (_elf.nxs) or workspace (_elf) that represents the sample.

Container

Either a reduced file (_red.nxs) or workspace (_red), an $$S(Q,\omega)$$ file (_sqw.nxs) or workspace (_sqw), or an ELF file (_elf.nxs) or workspace (_elf) that represents the container.

Scale Container by Factor

Allows the container’s intensity to be scaled by a given scale factor before being used in the corrections calculation.

Allows the X-values to be shifted by a specified amount.

Spectrum

Changes the spectrum displayed in the preview plot.

Plot Current Preview

Plots the currently selected preview plot in a separate external window

Run

Runs the processing configured on the current tab.

Plot Spectra

If enabled, it will plot the selected workspace indices in the selected output workspace.

Plot Contour

If enabled, it will plot the selected output workspace as a contour plot.

Save Result

If enabled the result will be saved as a NeXus file in the default save directory.

## Calculate Paalman Pings¶

Calculates absorption corrections in the Paalman & Pings absorption factors that could be applied to the data when given information about the sample (and optionally the container) geometry.

### Options¶

Sample Input

A reduced file (_red.nxs) or workspace (_red).

Use Container

If checked allows you to select a workspace for the container in a reduced file (_red.nxs) or workspace (_red).

Corrections Details

These options will be automatically preset to the default values read from the sample workspace, whenever possible. They can be overridden manually.(see below)

Sample Shape

Sets the shape of the sample, this affects the options for the shape details (see below).

Sample Details Method

Choose to use a Chemical Formula or Cross Sections to set the neutron information in the sample using the SetSampleMaterial algorithm.

Sample/Container Mass density, Atom Number Density or Formula Number Density

Density of the sample or container. This is used in the SetSampleMaterial algorithm. If Atom Number Density is used, the NumberDensityUnit property is set to Atoms and if Formula Number Density is used then NumberDensityUnit is set to Formula Units.

Sample/Container Chemical Formula

Chemical formula of the sample or container material. This must be provided in the format expected by the SetSampleMaterial algorithm.

Cross Sections

Selecting the Cross Sections option in the Sample Details combobox will allow you to enter coherent, incoherent and attenuation cross sections for the Sample and Container (units in barns).

Run

Runs the processing configured on the current tab.

Plot Wavelength

If enabled, it will plot a wavelength spectrum represented by the selected workspace indices.

Plot Angle

If enabled, it will plot an angle bin represented by the neighbouring bin indices.

Save Result

Saves the result in the default save directory.

### Correction Details¶

Emode

The energy transfer mode. All the options except Efixed require the input workspaces to be in wavelength. In Efixed mode, correction will be computed only for a single wavelength point defined by  Efixed value. All the options except Elastic require the Efixed value to be set correctly. For flat plate, all the options except Efixed, are equivalent. In brief, use Indirect for QENS, Efixed for FWS and diffraction. Efixed can be used for QENS also, if the energy transfer can be neglected compared to the incident energy. See CylinderPaalmanPingsCorrections for the details.

Efixed

The value of the incident (indirect) or final (direct) energy in mev. Specified in the instrument parameter file.

Number Wavelengths

Number of wavelength points to compute the corrections for. Ignored for Efixed.

Interpolate

Whether or not to interpolate the corrections as a function of wavelength. Ignored for Efixed.

### Shape Details¶

Depending on the shape of the sample different parameters for the sample dimension are required and are detailed below.

#### Flat Plate¶

The calculation for a flat plate geometry is performed by the FlatPlatePaalmanPingsCorrection algorithm.

Sample Thickness

Thickness of sample in $$cm$$.

Sample Angle

Angle of the sample to the beam in degrees.

Container Front Thickness

Thickness of front container in $$cm$$.

Container Back Thickness

Thickness of back container in $$cm$$.

#### Cylinder¶

The calculation for a cylindrical geometry is performed by the CylinderPaalmanPingsCorrection algorithm.

Radius of the inner wall of the sample in $$cm$$.

Radius of the outer wall of the sample in $$cm$$.

Radius of outer wall of the container in $$cm$$.

Beam Height

Height of incident beam $$cm$$.

Beam Width

Width of incident beam in $$cm$$.

Step Size

Step size used in calculation in $$cm$$.

#### Annulus¶

The calculation for an annular geometry is performed by the CylinderPaalmanPingsCorrection algorithm.

The options here are the same as for Cylinder.

### Background¶

The main correction to be applied to neutron scattering data is that for absorption both in the sample and its container, when present. For flat plate geometry, the corrections can be analytical and have been discussed for example by Carlile [1]. The situation for cylindrical geometry is more complex and requires numerical integration. These techniques are well known and used in liquid and amorphous diffraction, and are described in the ATLAS manual [2].

The absorption corrections use the formulism of Paalman and Pings [3] and involve the attenuation factors $$A_{i,j}$$ where $$i$$ refers to scattering and $$j$$ attenuation. For example, $$A_{s,sc}$$ is the attenuation factor for scattering in the sample and attenuation in the sample plus container. If the scattering cross sections for sample and container are $$\Sigma_{s}$$ and $$\Sigma_{c}$$ respectively, then the measured scattering from the empty container is $$I_{c} = \Sigma_{c}A_{c,c}$$ and that from the sample plus container is $$I_{sc} = \Sigma_{s}A_{s,sc} + \Sigma_{c}A_{c,sc}$$, thus $$\Sigma_{s} = (I_{sc} - I_{c}A_{c,sc}/A_{c,c}) / A_{s,sc}$$.

References:

1. C J Carlile, Rutherford Laboratory report, RL-74-103 (1974)

2. A K Soper, W S Howells & A C Hannon, RAL Report RAL-89-046 (1989)

3. H H Paalman & C J Pings, J Appl Phys 33 2635 (1962)

## Calculate Monte Carlo Absorption¶

The Calculate Monte Carlo Absorption tab provides a cross platform alternative to the Calculate Paalman Pings tab. In this tab a Monte Carlo implementation is used to calculate the absorption corrections.

### Options¶

Workspace Input

A reduced file (_red.nxs) or workspace (_red).

Number Wavelengths

The number of wavelength points for which a simulation is attempted.

Events

The number of neutron events to generate per simulated point.

Interpolation

Method of interpolation used to compute unsimulated values.

Maximum Scatter Point Attempts

Maximum number of tries made to generate a scattering point within the sample (+ optional container etc). Objects with holes in them, e.g. a thin annulus can cause problems if this number is too low. If a scattering point cannot be generated by increasing this value then there is most likely a problem with the sample geometry.

Sparse Instrument

Whether to spatially approximate the instrument for faster calculation.

Number Of Detector Rows

Number of detector rows in the detector grid of the sparse instrument.

Number Of Detector Columns

Number of detector columns in the detector grid of the sparse instrument.

Beam Height

The height of the beam in $$cm$$.

Beam Width

The width of the beam in $$cm$$.

Shape Details

Select the shape of the sample (see specific geometry options below). Alternatively, select ‘Preset’ to use the Sample and Container geometries defined on the input workspace.

Use Container

If checked, allows you to input container geometries for use in the absorption corrections.

Sample Details Method

Choose to use a Chemical Formula or Cross Sections to set the neutron information in the sample using the SetSampleMaterial algorithm.

Sample/Container Mass density, Atom Number Density or Formula Number Density

Density of the sample or container. This is used in the SetSampleMaterial algorithm. If Atom Number Density is used, the NumberDensityUnit property is set to Atoms and if Formula Number Density is used then NumberDensityUnit is set to Formula Units.

Sample/Container Chemical Formula

Chemical formula of the sample or container material. This must be provided in the format expected by the SetSampleMaterial algorithm.

Cross Sections

Selecting the Cross Sections option in the Sample Details combobox will allow you to enter coherent, incoherent and attenuation cross sections for the Sample and Container (units in barns).

Run

Runs the processing configured on the current tab.

Plot Wavelength

If enabled, it will plot a wavelength spectrum represented by the selected workspace indices.

Plot Angle

If enabled, it will plot an angle bin represented by the neighbouring bin indices.

Save Result

Saves the result in the default save directory.

### Shape Details¶

Depending on the shape of the sample different parameters for the sample dimension are required and are detailed below.

#### Preset¶

This option will use the Sample and Container geometries as defined in the input workspace. No further geometry inputs will be taken, though the Sample material can still be overridden.

#### Flat Plate¶

Flat plate calculations are provided by the IndirectFlatPlateAbsorption algorithm.

Sample Width

Width of the sample in $$cm$$.

Sample Height

Height of the sample in $$cm$$.

Sample Thickness

Thickness of the sample in $$cm$$.

Sample Angle

Angle of the sample to the beam in degrees.

Container Front Thickness

Thickness of the front of the container in $$cm$$.

Container Back Thickness

Thickness of the back of the container in $$cm$$.

#### Annulus¶

Annulus calculations are provided by the IndirectAnnulusAbsorption algorithm.

Radius of the inner wall of the sample in $$cm$$.

Radius of the outer wall of the sample in $$cm$$.

Radius of the inner wall of the container in $$cm$$.

Radius of the outer wall of the container in $$cm$$.

Sample Height

Height of the sample in $$cm$$.

#### Cylinder¶

Cylinder calculations are provided by the IndirectCylinderAbsorption algorithm.

Radius of the outer wall of the sample in $$cm$$.

Radius of the outer wall of the container in $$cm$$.

Sample Height

Height of the sample in $$cm$$.

## Apply Absorption Corrections¶

The Apply Corrections tab applies the corrections calculated in the Calculate Paalman Pings or Calculate Monte Carlo Absorption tabs of the Indirect Data Corrections interface.

This uses the ApplyPaalmanPingsCorrection algorithm to apply absorption corrections in the form of the Paalman & Pings correction factors. When Use Container is disabled only the $$A_{s,s}$$ factor must be provided, when using a container the additional factors must be provided: $$A_{c,sc}$$, $$A_{s,sc}$$ and $$A_{c,c}$$.

Once run the corrected output and container correction is shown in the preview plot. Note that when this plot shows the result of a calculation the X axis is always in wavelength, however when data is initially selected the X axis unit matches that of the sample workspace.

The input and container workspaces will be converted to wavelength (using ConvertUnits) if they do not already have wavelength as their X unit.

The binning of the sample, container and corrections factor workspace must all match, if the sample and container do not match you will be given the option to rebin (using RebinToWorkspace) the sample to match the container, if the correction factors do not match you will be given the option to interpolate (SplineInterpolation) the correction factor to match the sample.

### Options¶

Sample

A reduced file (_red.nxs) or workspace (_red).

Corrections

The calculated corrections workspace produced from one of the preview two tabs.

Geometry

Sets the sample geometry (this must match the sample shape used when calculating the corrections).

Use Container

If checked allows you to select a workspace for the container in the format of either a reduced file (_red.nxs) or workspace (_red) or an $$S(Q, \omega)$$ file (_sqw.nxs) or workspace (_sqw).

Scale Container by factor

Allows the container intensity to be scaled by a given scale factor before being used in the corrections calculation.

Allows the X-values of the container to be shifted by a specified amount.

Rebin Container to Sample

Rebins the container to the sample.

Spectrum

Changes the spectrum displayed in the preview plot.

Plot Current Preview

Plots the currently selected preview plot in a separate external window

Run

Runs the processing configured on the current tab.

Plot Spectra

If enabled, it will plot the selected workspace indices in the selected output workspace.

Plot Contour

If enabled, it will plot the selected output workspace as a contour plot.

Save Result

If enabled the result will be saved as a NeXus file in the default save directory.

Categories: Interfaces | Indirect